Bundeswehr conscripts c. 2016. One of the initial measures of the CDU-led coalition to try to break from the Schöder government's pro-Russian image was to bring back conscription, as well as hiking military spending - something that, in addition with major spending to try to end German dependency on Russian gas, has been noted by the opposition as a leading reason for Germany's sluggish economic situation. A great deal of the increased spending, as it turned out, was simply trying to get
existing forces operational again (or replacing material that was considered beyond saving). However, reports have been more optimistic since 2016: the
Heer and
Luftwaffe aren't exactly perfect and certainly aren't at their Cold War peak but at least they have equipment that works, enough ammunition and spare parts, and could put up a decent fight alongside allies if the worst happened. Some left-wing observers have, however, been ringing alarm bells about 'right-wing tendencies' within the forces, as exemplified by elements such as the continued popularity of WWII marching songs, various ceremonies and rituals, and a generally growing pride in the rebuilding force.
Conscription is mandatory for men, though with an option for alternative civilian service instead, while women can voluntarily register for service. Some observers have noted that because of this, women tend to be the more dedicated soldiers, as they actually
want to be there while the men are often just trying to get through their year.
Finnish Army conscripts patrolling near the Russo-Finnish border. With the outset of the Second Cold War, Finland - by virtue of EU membership, particularly as the EU evolved towards a common defence organisation as well as an economic bloc - emerged firmly in the democratic camp, and has significantly expanded its military spending. Additionally, it has become home to a large number of other EU troops and bases: in particular French forces, and troops from the other 'Intermarium' nations, of which Finland and the Baltic States are a part. The Finnish military is a major linchpin of the EU's common defence in the Baltic region.
French
Charles de Gaulle-class carrier
Richelieu, seen under weigh to West Africa c. 2014 to support operations against Russian-backed anti-government rebels in Côte d'Ivoire (the operation was a success, despite the presence of significant numbers of Russian 'mercenaries', and the French-backed government remains in power). The second of France's two nuclear carriers to be built, the
Richelieu - along with French defence spending generally - is a considerable beneficiary of the Second Cold War.
France takes its role as the leader of Europe's common defence - and its restored military power status - very seriously, and has taken a major role both in contributing forces and resources and in seeking to better coordinate the EU nations' defence policies. It is also highly active in theatres outside Europe, particularly in securing its traditional allies in West Africa and the Middle East and Taking Steps to prevent any spread of Russo-Chinese influence in the region (and, in so doing, make sure that they don't get hold of resources from those nations). Many leftists claim that France is taking advantage of the global situation to 'become a colonial power again' , of course...